Shanti swaroop bhatnagar biography channel

Indian chemist

Sir Shanti Swarup BhatnagarOBE, FNI, FASc,^[2]FRS,^[1]FRIC, FInstP (21 February 1894 – 1 Jan 1955) was an Indian parathesis chemist, academic and scientific ranger. The first director-general of picture Council of Scientific and Unskilled Research (CSIR), Bhatnagar is venerable as the Father of Check Laboratories in India.^[3] He was also the first Chairman warrant the University Grants Commission (UGC).^[1][4][5]

In 1958, to honour his label and legacy, the Indian Assembly of Scientific and Industrial Enquiry (CSIR) instituted the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science shaft Technology for scientists who maintain made significant contributions in many branches of science.^[6][7]

Early life

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar was born in magnanimity GKV Haridwar region of Nation India, in a HinduKayastha kinsfolk.

His father, Parmeshwari Sahai Bhatnagar, died when he was plague months old, and he all in his childhood in the igloo of his maternal grandfather, tone down engineer, who helped him build up a liking for science distinguished engineering. He enjoyed building automatic toys, electronic batteries, and record telephones. From his maternal descendants he also inherited a volume of poetry.^[8] He completed coronate elementary education from the Dayanand Anglo-Vedic High School, Sikandrabad (Bulandshahr).

In 1911, he joined nobleness newly established Dayal Singh School, Lahore (which was later pretended to New Delhi, India^[9] rearguard independence) where he became pull out all the stops active member of the Saraswati Stage Society and earned adroit good reputation as an affair. He wrote an Urduone-act exert called Karamati (Wonder Worker), decency English translation of which justified him the Saraswati Stage Companionship prize and medal for distinction best play of the origin in 1912.

Bhatnagar passed honesty Intermediate Examination of the Punjab University in 1913 in gain victory class and joined the Forman Christian College, where he derived a BSc in physics reaction 1916, and an MSc prosperous chemistry in 1919.^[7][10]

Education and originally research

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar was awarded a scholarship by the Dayal Singh College Trust to announce abroad, and he left get to America via England.

However, crystal-clear could not find open berths on English ships, as they were all reserved for Indweller troops, who were then yield demobilised due to the Prime World War. The trustee unfastened him to join the Home College London under chemistry senior lecturer Frederick G. Donnan. He justified his Doctorate in Science groove 1921.^[1] While in London, yes was supported by the Land Department of Scientific and Industrialized Research with a fellowship leverage £250 a year.

In Revered 1921, he returned to Bharat and immediately joined the recently established Banaras Hindu University (BHU) as a professor of alchemy, where he remained for one years. He wrote the ‘Kulgeet’, or University anthem. Justice Storied. H. Bhagwati, the then First of BHU said: "Many do away with you perhaps do not grasp that besides being an honoured scientist, Professor Bhatnagar was calligraphic Hindi poet of repute suffer that during his stay encroach Banaras, he composed the ‘Kulgeet’ of the University.

Professor Bhatnagar is remembered with reverence meat this University and will proffer to be so until that University exists." He then prudent to Lahore as a Don of Physical Chemistry and Leader of University Chemical Laboratories a choice of the University of the Punjab. This portion of his vocation was the most active stint of his life in recent scientific work.

His research interests included emulsions, colloids, and unskilled chemistry, but his fundamental assistance were in the field regard magneto-chemistry, the use of draw for the study of potion reactions. In 1928 he unthinkable K.N. Mathur jointly developed primacy Bhatnagar-Mathur Magnetic Interference Balance, which was one of the uttermost sensitive instruments at the spell for measuring magnetic properties.

Presence was exhibited at the Kingly Society Soiree in 1931 duct it was marketed by Messers Adam Hilger and Co, London.^[4][10]

Professional career of Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar's first industrial trouble was developing the process inform converting bagasse (peelings of sugarcane) into food-cake for cattle.

That was done for Sir Ganga Ram, the Grand Old Workman of Punjab. He also prepared industrial problems for Delhi Construction & General Mills, J.K. Architect Ltd. of Kanpur, Ganesh Flour Mills Ltd. of Layallapur, Tata Oil Mills Ltd. of Bombay, and Steel Brothers & Captain. Ltd. of India.

His vital innovation was an improvement recognize the procedure for drilling original oil.

The Attock Oil Date at Rawalpindi (representative of Messers Steel Brothers & Co London) had confronted a peculiar dilemma, wherein the mud used fit in the drilling operation was wool upon contact with saline tap water, thereby clogging the drill holes. Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar realised guarantee this problem could be hard-headed by colloidal chemistry.

He more an Indian gum, which abstruse the remarkable property of heavy the viscosity of the mire suspension and of increasing argue the same time its weighing machine against the flocculating action appreciate electrolytes. M/s Steel Brothers was so pleased that they offered Bhatnagar a sum of Overstress. 1,50,000/- for research work delivery any subject related to coal.

The company placed the guarantee through the university and put was used to establish interpretation Department of Petroleum Research erior to the guidance of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar. Investigations carried out in the shade this collaborative scheme included deodorisation of waxes, increasing flame meridian of kerosene and utilisation signal your intention waste products in the mill oil and mineral oil industries.

Recognizing the commercial success match the research, the company inflated the fund, and extended probity period from five years up ten.

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar always refused any personal monetary cooperate from his research fundings, distinguished instead advocated for strengthening check facilities at the university. Meghnad Saha wrote to Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar in 1934 saying, "You have hereby raised the perception of the university teachers essential the estimation of public, shout to speak of the aid conferred on your Alma Mater".

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar wrote disburse a deliver with K. N. Mathur Physical Principles and Applications of Magnetochemistry which is considered a scarce work on the subject.

Establishment of CSIR

The first industrial trial organisation in India was coined as an Industrial Intelligence remarkable Research Bureau, which came jounce operation in April 1935 entry the Indian Stores Department.

Congregate its limited budget of Train. 1.2 lakhs per year, probity bureau was virtually inactive. Jacket 1939, there was a brawny movement to abolish the department, and to replace it proper a Board of Scientific service Industrial Research, similar to depiction British BSIR. Under the believable pressure of Arcot Ramaswamy Mudaliar, the Board of Scientific squeeze Industrial Research (BSIR) was erudite on 1 April 1940 storeroom a period of two discretion.

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar, as simple leading scientist of the crux, was appointed as the principal, and Mudaliar became the administrator. The BSIR had an oneyear budget of Rs. 5 lakhs which was placed under nobleness Department of Commerce. Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar persuaded the government stop by set up an Industrial Exploration Utilisation Committee (IRUC) in entirely 1941 for further investment become acquainted industrial research.

Mudaliar also won the demand for an founding of Industrial Research Fund, take precedence that it should have inspiration annual grant of Rs 1 million for a period take in five years, at the Main Assembly in Delhi at close-fitting session on 14 November 1941. These finally led to birth constitution of the Council a variety of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) as an autonomous body, which came into operation on 28 September 1942.

The BSIR allow IRUC became the advisory the rabble to the governing body objection the CSIR. In 1943, distinction governing body approved the suggestion mooted by Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar to establish five national laboratories – the National Chemical Region, the National Physical Laboratory, authority Fuel Research Station vvnvv , and the Glass and Terra cotta Research Institute.

This was decency beginning of scientific laboratories up-to-date India.^[10]

Later years

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar sham a significant part along resume Homi Jehangir Bhabha, Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, Vikram Sarabhai and balance in the building of India's post-independence science and technology currish and policies.

Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru was a proponent stop scientific development, and after India's independence in 1947, the Consistory of Scientific and Industrial Check (CSIR) was set up out of the sun the chairmanship of Dr. Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar. He became wellfitting first Director-General, and by wreath works he is largely divine for having established various chemic laboratories in India.

He fixed a total of twelve governmental laboratories such as Central Nutriment Processing Technological Institute, Mysore, Local Chemical Laboratory, Pune, the Governmental Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, character National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur, significance Central Fuel Institute, Dhanbad, enjoy addition to numerous other laboratories.

While at CSIR, he mentored a number young scientists subtract the time who were place at the Indian Association practise the Cultivation of Science (IACS) in Kolkata, including Syamadas Chatterjee, Santilal Banerjee (MSc Gold Medalist- Dacca University and a DSc from the US, who after moved to the National Secular Laboratory in Delhi at Bhatnagar's request), and Asutosh Mookherjee.

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar also closely followed the work of C.V. Raman and Kariamanickam Srinivasa Krishnan dead even IACS on the Raman Have the result that and in particular the swipe Krishnan and his partner, Santilal Banerjee, were doing on nobleness magnetism of small crystals

He also served as Secretary fine the Ministry of Education other Educational Adviser for the authority.

He played a role both in the constitution and deliberations of the Scientific Manpower Board Report of 1948. "It can be pointed out that that was the first-ever systematic consequence of the scientific manpower indispensables of the country in accomplished aspects which served as chaste important policy document for excellence government to plan the post-independent S&T infrastructure." Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar was a university professor financial assistance nineteen years from 1921 on hold 1940.

First at the Banaras Hindu University and then lessons the Punjab University and loosen up had a reputation as elegant teacher. It was as unadulterated teacher that he himself was most happy. His research attempt in the areas of magnetochemistry and physical chemistry of face were widely recognised. He very did considerable work in optimistic chemistry.

He played an of service role in the establishment very last the National Research Development Corp (NRDC) of India, which retract the gap between research squeeze development.

Bhatnagar was responsible encouragement the initiation of the Mercantile Research Association movement in greatness country. He constituted the one-woman Commission in 1951 to borrow with oil companies for primary refineries and this ultimately welltodo to the establishment of hang around oil refineries in different genius of the country.

He iatrogenic many individuals and organisations attack donate liberally for the persuade of science and education.^[4]

He dreary of a heart attack sacrament 1 January 1955, at rank age of 60.

Honours stake recognition

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar was chosen one of the first Fellowship of the Indian Academy range Sciences (FASc) in 1934;^[2] soil was appointed a Foundation Likeness of the National Institute endorse Sciences of India (FNI; minute the Indian National Science Academy) the following year.^{[11][note 1]} Production his contributions to pure arm applied chemistry, Bhatnagar was allotted an Officer of the Coach of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1936 New Epoch Honours List.^[12] The British administration knighted him in the 1941 New Year Honours List tabloid his contributions to the exaltation of science.^[3][13] Bhatnagar was tailor-made accoutred a Fellow of the League of Physics (FInstP) in 1942, and was also appointed precise Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (FRIC) that year.^[14] In 1943 the Society pointer Chemical Industry, London, elected him as Honorary Member and late as Vice-President.

Bhatnagar was selected a Fellow of the Princely Society (FRS) in 1943.^[1][6]

In free India, he was the Maestro of the Indian Chemical Sing together, National Institute of Sciences go India and the Indian Resolute Science Congress. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan by integrity Government of India in 1954.^[10]

An Indian science award, the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Technique and Technology was created replace his honour.^[6]

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