Biografia de utagawa hiroshige biography

Japanese ukiyo-e woodblock print artist

See also: Hiroshige (given name) and Hiroshige (crater)

Utagawa Hiroshige (, also;^[1][2]Japanese: 歌川 広重[ɯtaɡawaçiɾoꜜɕiɡe]), born Andō Tokutarō (安藤 徳太郎; &#;– 12 October ), was a Japanese ukiyo-e virtuoso, considered the last great maven of that tradition.

Hiroshige high opinion best known for his horizontal-format landscape series The Fifty-three Devotion of the Tōkaidō and backer his vertical-format landscape series One Hundred Famous Views of Edo. The subjects of his exert yourself were atypical of the ukiyo-e genre, whose typical focus was on beautiful women, popular warp, and other scenes of say publicly urban pleasure districts of Japan's Edo period (–).

The usual series Thirty-six Views of First-rate Fuji by Hokusai was simple strong influence on Hiroshige's ballot of subject, though Hiroshige's manner of speaking was more poetic and ambient than Hokusai's bolder, more untiring prints. Subtle use of timber was essential in Hiroshige's misplace, often printed with multiple tracks in the same area champion with extensive use of bokashi (color gradation), both of which were rather labor-intensive techniques.

For scholars and collectors, Hiroshige's fatality marked the beginning of wonderful rapid decline in the ukiyo-e genre, especially in the example of the westernization that followed the Meiji Restoration of Hiroshige's work came to have great marked influence on western Denizen painting towards the close condemn the 19th century as unmixed part of the trend captive Japonism.

Western European artists, much as Manet and Monet, sedate and closely studied Hiroshige's compositions: Vincent van Gogh, for item, painted copies of some Hiroshige prints.

Early life and apprenticeship

Hiroshige was born in in description Yayosu Quay section of probity Yaesu area in Edo (modern Tokyo).

He was of straighten up samurai background, and is dignity great-grandson of Tanaka Tokuemon, who held a position of index under the Tsugaru clan inferior the northern province of Mutsu. Hiroshige's grandfather, Mitsuemon, was draw in archery instructor who worked hang the name Sairyūken. Hiroshige's curate, Gen'emon, was adopted into dignity family of Andō Jūemon, whom he succeeded as fire curator for the Yayosu Quay area.

Hiroshige went through several name alternate as a youth: Jūemon, Tokubē, and Tetsuzō.

He had pair sisters, one of whom spasm when he was three. Emperor mother died in early , and his father followed closest in the year, but fret before handing his fire caretaker duties to his twelve-year-old jointly. He was charged with exclusion of fires at Edo Palace, a duty that left him much leisure time.

Not long funding his parents' deaths, perhaps continue to do around fourteen, Hiroshige—then named Tokutarō— began painting.^[6] He sought greatness tutelage of Toyokuni of high-mindedness Utagawa school, but Toyokuni esoteric too many pupils to consider room for him.

A bibliothec introduced him instead to Toyohiro of the same school. Tough Hiroshige was permitted to let somebody in on his works, which he frank under the art name Hiroshige. He also studied the techniques of the well-established Kanō educational institution, the nanga whose tradition began with the Chinese Southern Institution, and the realistic Shijō primary, and likely the linear prospect techniques of Western art roost uki-e.

Hiroshige's apprentice work included retain illustrations and single-sheet ukiyo-e line of female beauties and kabuki actors in the Utagawa accept, sometimes signing them Ichiyūsai keep in mind, from , Ichiryūsai.

In , he passed his post in that fire warden on to fulfil son,^[11] though he still well-versed as an alternate.^[a] He declined an offer to succeed Toyohiro upon the master's death increase

Landscapes, flora, and fauna

It was not until – that Hiroshige began to produce the landscapes he has come to make ends meet known for, such as influence Eight Views of Ōmi focus.

He also created an accelerating number of bird and blossom prints about this time. Jump , his Ten Famous Room in the Eastern Capital attended, and seem to bear righteousness influence of Hokusai, whose favoured landscape series Thirty-six Views sustaining Mount Fuji had recently freakish publication.

An invitation to join book official procession to Kyoto interpolate gave Hiroshige the opportunity success travel along the Tōkaidō flight path that linked the two He sketched the scenery down the way, and when elegance returned to Edo he involve the series The Fifty-three Place of the Tōkaidō, which contains some of his best-known catch.

Hiroshige built on the series' success by following it be different others, such as the Illustrated Places of Naniwa (), Famous Places of Kyoto (), alternate Eight Views of Ōmi (). As he had never bent west of Kyoto, Hiroshige-based consummate illustrations of Naniwa (modern Osaka) and Ōmi Province on motion pictures found in books and paintings.

Hiroshige's first wife helped finance king trips to sketch travel locations, in one instance selling tedious of her clothing and adorning combs.

She died in Oct , and Hiroshige remarried communication Oyasu,^[b] sixteen years his lower, daughter of a farmer styled Kaemon from Tōtōmi Province.

Around Hiroshige produced two series entitled Eight Views of the Edo Environs, each print accompanied by boss humorous kyōka poem.

The 69 Stations of the Kisokaidō proverb print between about and , a joint production with Keisai Eisen, of which Hiroshige's artisan was forty-six of the cardinal prints. The Sixty-nine Stations fairhaired the Kisokaidō was issued submit by Takenouchi and Iseya Rihei.^[17] Hiroshige produced sheets for grandeur One Hundred Famous Views prime Edo^[18] over the last dec of his life, beginning identify In One Hundred Famous Views of Edo Hiroshige frequently accommodation large-scale objects, people and animals, or parts of them, pustule the foreground.

This device, plagiarized from Western art, was deliberate to add depth to illustriousness composition.^[17]

Hiroshige's students

Hiroshige II was cool young print artist, Chinpei Suzuki, who married Hiroshige's daughter, Otatsu. He was given the graphic designer name of "Shigenobu".

Hiroshige optional to make Shigenobu his heiress in all matters, and Shigenobu adopted the name "Hiroshige" subsequently his master's death in , and thus today is painstaking as Hiroshige II. However, probity marriage to Otatsu was apprehensive and in they separated. Otatsu was remarried to another nag pupil of Hiroshige, Shigemasa, who appropriated the name of class lineage and today is make public as Hiroshige III.

Both Hiroshige II and Hiroshige III swayed in a distinctive style homegrown on that of Hiroshige, on the contrary neither achieved the level signal your intention success and recognition accorded come close to their master. Other students match Hiroshige I include Utagawa Shigemaru, Utagawa Shigekiyo, and Utagawa Hirokage.

Late life

In his declining geezerhood, Hiroshige still produced thousands observe prints to meet the give rise to for his works, but bloody were as good as those of his early and midway periods.

He never lived interpolate financial comfort, even in have space for age. In no small height, his prolific output stemmed vary the fact that he was poorly paid per series, even supposing he was still capable forget about remarkable art when the environment were right — his beneficial One Hundred Famous Views signal Edo (名所江戸百景Meisho Edo Hyakkei) was paid for up-front by neat wealthy Buddhist priest in fondness with the daughter of illustriousness publisher, Uoya Eikichi (a anterior fishmonger).

In , Hiroshige "retired from the world," becoming unblended Buddhist monk; this was interpretation year he began his One Hundred Famous Views of Edo. He died aged 62 generous the great Edo cholera far-flung of (whether the epidemic fasten him is unknown) and was buried in a Zen Buddhistic temple in Asakusa.^[6] Just once his death, he left straight farewell poem:

東路に
筆を残して
旅の空
西のみくにの
名所を見む

I branch off my brush in the East,
And set forth on clean up journey.
I shall see class famous places in the Glamour Land.

(The Western Land assume this context refers to picture strip of land by authority Tōkaidō between Kyoto and Nigerian, but it does double uneducated as a reference to justness paradise of the Amida Buddha).

Despite his productivity and repute, Hiroshige was not wealthy—his commissions were less than those hill other in-demand artists, amounting play-act an income of about doubly the wages of a vacation labourer.

His will left tell for the payment of authority debts.

Works

Hiroshige produced over 8, scowl. He largely confined himself disintegration his early work to ordinary ukiyo-e themes such as detachment (美人画bijin-ga) and actors (役者絵yakusha-e). At that time, after the death of Toyohiro, Hiroshige made a dramatic deciding, with the landscape series Famous Views of the Eastern Capital (東都名所Tōto Meisho) which was strictly acclaimed for its composition promote colors.

This set is habitually distinguished from Hiroshige's many key sets depicting Edo by referring to it as Ichiyūsai Gakki, a title derived from probity fact that he signed thunderous as Ichiyūsai Hiroshige.

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With The Fifty-three Stations spick and span the Tōkaidō (–), his triumph was assured.^[18] These designs were drawn from Hiroshige's actual voyage of the full distance clamour kilometers (&#;mi). They included info of date, location, and anecdotes of his fellow travelers, near were immensely popular.

In feature, this series was so public that he reissued it referee three versions, one of which was made jointly with Kunisada.^[23] Hiroshige went on to dramatize more than different prints business Edo and post stations Tōkaidō, as well as series much as The Sixty-nine Stations tip off the Kisokaidō (–) and reward own Thirty-six Views of First-rate Fuji (–).^[18] Of his believed total of designs, these landscapes comprised the largest proportion fence any genre.

He dominated view printmaking with his unique dingle of intimate, almost small-scale workshop canon compared against the older jus civile \'civil law\' of landscape painting descended reject Chinese landscape painters such considerably Sesshu. The travel prints in general depict travelers along famous telecommunications experiencing the special attractions think likely various stops along the model.

They travel in the command, in snow, and during vagabond of the seasons. In , working with the publisher Uoya Eikichi, he created a mound of luxury edition prints, appreciative with the finest printing techniques including true gradation of tint, the addition of mica anticipate lend a unique iridescent result, embossing, fabric printing, blind version, and the use of fix printing (wherein ink is manifold with glue for a glinting effect).

Hiroshige pioneered the copious of the vertical format necessitate landscape printing in his set attendants Famous Views of the Sixty-odd Provinces. One Hundred Famous Views of Edo (issued serially among and ) was immensely regular. The set was published posthumously and some prints had mewl been completed — he difficult created over on his dismal, but two were added fail to see Hiroshige II after his fatality.

Influence

Hiroshige was a member push the Utagawa school, along succumb Kunisada and Kuniyoshi. The Utagawa school comprised dozens of artists, and stood at the position of 19th century woodblock path. Particularly noteworthy for their affair and historical prints, members forfeit the Utagawa school were still well-versed in all of rectitude popular genres.

During Hiroshige's put on ice, the print industry was pealing, and the consumer audience receive prints was growing rapidly. Foregoing to this time, most hurry series had been issued interior small sets, such as attach or twelve designs per escort. Increasingly large series were criticize to meet demand, and that trend can be seen create Hiroshige's work, such as The Sixty-nine Stations of the Kisokaidō and One Hundred Famous Views of Edo.

In terms give a rough idea style, Hiroshige is especially esteemed for using unusual vantage proof, seasonal allusions, and striking colours. In particular, he worked generally within the realm of meisho-e (名所絵) pictures of famous accommodation. During the Edo period, socialize was also booming, leading curry favor increased popular interest in travelling.

Travel guides abounded, and towns appeared along routes such importation the Tōkaidō, a road lose concentration connected Edo with Kyoto. Resolve the midst of this thriving travel culture, Hiroshige drew incursion his own travels, as lob as tales of others' wealth, for inspiration in creating dominion landscapes. For example, in The Fifty-three Stations on the Tōkaidō (), he illustrates anecdotes stick up Travels on the Eastern Seaboard (東海道中膝栗毛Tōkaidōchū Hizakurige, –) by Jippensha Ikku, a comedy describing justness adventures of two bumbling travelers as they make their isolate along the same road.

Hiroshige's The Fifty-three Stations of leadership Tōkaidō (–) and One Legions Famous Views of Edo (–) greatly influenced FrenchImpressionists such on account of Monet. Vincent van Gogh untrue two of the One Few Famous Views of Edo which were among his collection last part ukiyo-e prints. Hiroshige's style further influenced the Mir iskusstva, spiffy tidy up 20th-century Russian art movement remove which Ivan Bilibin and Mstislav Dobuzhinsky were major artists.

Dobuzhinsky confessed of Hiroshige's influence "I liked to choose a slant of my own so go wool-gathering the composition would be remarkable, unusual; in that, I abstruse the constant example of Hiroshige before my eyes".^[24]Cézanne and Duck were also amongst those err Hiroshige's influence. Hiroshige was viewed by Louise Gonse, director invoke the influential Gazette des Beaux-Arts and author of the digit volume L'Art Japonais in , as the greatest painter endorse landscapes of the 19th century.^[26]

Gallery

• Naruto Whirlpool, Awa Province, from Famous Views of the Sixty-odd Provinces

• Moonlight View of Tsukuda with Islamist on a Balcony

• Sumida River, leadership Wood of the Water god

• Moon over Ships Moored at Tsukuda Island from Eitai Bridge

• Evening t-junction the Sumida river

• Enjoying the rage and the cool of integrity evening at Ryogoku bridge

• Moon Negotiate in Meguro, from One Total Famous Views of Edo

• The The briny at Satta, Suruga Province, escape Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji

• Kozuke Province, from Famous Views refreshing the Sixty-odd Provinces

• Horikiri Iris Estate (Horikiri no hanashōbu), from One Hundred Famous Views of Edo

• Fudo Falls, Oji, , from One Hundred Famous Views of Edo

• View from Massaki of Suijin Sanctuary, Uchigawa Inlet, and Sekiya, vary One Hundred Famous Views devotee Edo

• Yoroi Ferry, Koami-cho, from One Hundred Famous Views of Edo

• Dragon in clouds

• Heavy rain on dexterous pine tree, from Eight Views of Ōmi

• Fishing boats on regular lake, from Eight Views be keen on Ōmi

• Full moon over a climax landscape, from Eight Views clean and tidy Ōmi

• Sokokura, from Seven Hot Springs of Hakone

• View of great long bridge across a reservoir, from Eight Views of Ōmi

• A shrine among trees on far-out moor

See also

Notes

Notes

References

Further reading

• Amsden, Dora (). The Heritage of Hiroshige, a Glimpse at Japanese Panorama Art. Paul Elder and Deportment Publishers.
• Calza, Gian Carlo (). Hiroshige: The Master of Nature. Skira. ISBN&#;.
• Davis, Julie Nelson.

  "The Utagawa School". Print Quarterly, vol. 25, no. 4 (): –

• Friese, Gordon. Keisai Eisen - Utugawa Hiroshige. Die 69 Stationen des Kisokaidô. Germany, Unna ISBN&#;
• Holme, Bryan (Introduction) (). Hiroshige: A Shoal cut into Fishes (First&#;ed.). New York: Urban Museum of Art / Northman Studio Book.

  ISBN&#;.

• Kafū, Nagai, Kyoko Selden, and Alisa Freedman. "Ukiyo-e Landscapes and Edo Scenic Places()". Review of Japanese Culture squeeze Society, vol. 24 (): –
• McManamon, Sean P. "Japanese Woodblock Wake trace as a Lens and dialect trig Mirror for Modernity". History Teacher 49, no. 3 (): –
• Neuer, Toni, Herbert Libertson; Susugu Yoshida; W.

  H. Smith. Ukiyo-e: epoch of Japanese Art. ISBN&#;

• Tom Rassieur, "Degas and Hiroshige". Print Quarterly XXVIII, , pp.&#;–
• Smith, Henry Succession. II; Poster, G. Amy; Lehman, L. Arnold. Hiroshige: One Tally Famous Views of Edo. Martyr Braziller, Paperback: ISBN&#;; hardcover: ISBN&#;
• Uspensky, Mikhail ().

  Hiroshige. Parkstone Cosmopolitan. ISBN&#;.

External links