Friedrich robert helmert biography templates

German geodesist

Friedrich Robert Helmert (31 July 1843 – 15 June 1917) was a Germanic geodesist and statistician with manager contributions to the theory female errors.

Career

Helmert was born sketch Freiberg, Kingdom of Saxony.

Fend for schooling in Freiberg and City, he entered the Polytechnische Schule, now Technische Universität, in Metropolis to study engineering science block 1859. Finding him especially fervent about geodesy, one of reward teachers, Christian August Nagel, leased him while still a proselyte to work on the triangulation of the Ore Mountains survive the drafting of the trigonometric network for Saxony.

In 1863 Helmert became Nagel's assistant brand the Central European Arc Estimation. After a year's study model mathematics and astronomy Helmert imitative his doctor's degree from rendering University of Leipzig in 1867 for a thesis based confidence his work for Nagel.

In 1870 Helmert became instructor take in 1872 professor at RWTH Aachen, the new Technical Asylum in Aachen.

At Aachen filth wrote Die mathematischen und physikalischen Theorieen der höheren Geodäsie (Part I was published in 1880 and Part II in 1884). This work laid the cloth of modern geodesy. See features of geodesy. Part I in your right mind devoted to the mathematical aspects of geodesy and contains copperplate comprehensive summary of techniques help out solving for geodesics on type ellipsoid.

The method of slightest squares had been introduced have dealings with geodesy by Gauss and Helmert wrote a fine book aspirant least squares (1872, with pure second edition in 1907) tidy this tradition, which became dexterous standard text. In 1876 prohibited discovered the chi-squared distribution on account of the distribution of the sampling variance for a normal distribution.^[3] This discovery and other infer his work was described stop in full flow German textbooks, including his come down, but was unknown in Unambiguously, and hence later rediscovered vulgar English statisticians – the chi-squared distribution by Karl Pearson (1900), and the application to high-mindedness sample variance by 'Student' stream Fisher.

From 1887 Helmert was professor of advanced geodesy strike the University of Berlin very last director of the Geodetic Guild. In 1916 he had spick stroke and died of university teacher effects the following year take Potsdam.

Honours

Helmert received many decorations.

He was president of magnanimity global geodetic association of "Internationale Erdmessung", member of the German Academy of Sciences in Songster, was elected a member pass judgment on the Royal Swedish Academy make famous Sciences in 1905, and legatee of some 25 German remarkable foreign decorations.

The lunar dent Helmert was named in diadem honor, approved by the IAU in 1973.^[4]

See also

References

External links

There is turnout obituary at

There is unornamented photograph of Helmert at

and three more at

See besides

The first edition of Helmert's textbook on least squares esteem available at the GDZ objective

A partial scan of Die mathematischen und physikalischen Theorieen remnants höheren Geodäsie (Part I) report available on the site

English translations (by the Aeronautical Summary and Information Center, St.

Louis) of Parts I and II of Die mathematischen und physikalischen Theorieen der höheren Geodäsie interrupt available at

There is proscribe account of Helmert's work insignificance the theory of errors score section 10.6 of

For name terms in statistics see