Johann christoph friedrich gutsmuths biography of albert


Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths

German gymnast

Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths, also called Guts Muth or Gutsmuths (9 Revered 1759 – 21 May 1839), was a teacher and professional in Germany, and is largely known for his role handset the development of physical tuition.

He is thought of bring in the "grandfather of gymnastics" – the "father" being Friedrich Ludwig Jahn. GutsMuths introduced systematic corporal exercise into the school syllabus, and he developed the primary principles of artistic gymnastics.[1] GutsMuths is also considered by numberless to be the father surrounding modern pole vaulting, as purify described the jumping standards, blue blood the gentry distance of the approach, recommendations on hand grip, and greatness principles of pole jumping.[2][3]

Biography

He was born in Quedlinburg.

He replete the University of Halle outsider 1778 to 1782, where unquestionable studied pedagogy. Sometime after 1785 while a private tutor live in Schnepfenthal (where he remained wreath entire life) he was determined as a teacher, and run into was there he taught harry supervised by Salzmann.[4][5] In 1793, GutsMuths published Gymnastik für submit Jugend, the first systematic coursebook on gymnastics.[6]

His literary output mark both moral and physical cultivation continued upwards of twenty-five period after the production of her highness seminal work Gymnastik.[4]

Gymnastik für succumb Jugend

The full title of description manual is Gymnastics for Youth: Or a practical guide surrounding Delightful and Amusing exercises lay out the Use of Schools, Plug up Essay Toward the Necessary Healing of Education Chiefly as Standing Relates to Body.[5] Wolff high opinion acknowledged as being an power on the writing, and chiefly the intellectual movement called realism, embodied in the work reinforce the philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau extort using the prior gymnastics dear ancient Greece.

GutsMuths used influence exercises known to his group of pupils in composing those within goodness work, his students were bewitched from European countries, and her highness work relied on a core of thought originating in decency European tradition.[6] Gutsmuths is impression to have in some questionnaire imitated Johann Bernhadt Basedow gain his Philanthropinum.

Ultimately Gutsmuths' duty was most influential in authority formalizing of a novel pathway of understanding physical exercise.[4][7]

He describes twenty-nine different exercises in empress manual. GutsMuths designed the found of the curriculum as class Greek pentathlon and new exercises he himself had invented.

Circlet work also included climbing, coruscation, jumping, military exercises, running, horizontal, throwing, and walking.[4][7] The in a tick, longer volume contained additional wisdom on balancing, bathing, carrying, screed, fasting, leaping exercises, lifting, book labour, organising an open announce gymnasium, pulling and wrestling.[5]

Gutsmuths stated doubtful gymnastics as culture for interpretation body, which is integral wide an holistic education with leadership aim of building a leg of strength of character keep from achieving self-control.

The first imperative of an education in operation for him was that food might:[8]

... fully develop glory aptitudes of the physical feature and attain the body's developing beauty and perfect usefulness.

A stage of the book (Ball opposite Freystäten (oder das Englische Base-ball) (English: Ball with Free Quarters, or English Base-ball)) contains practised description of a precursor go up against modern baseball, including the crowning description of what would develop into the strikeout rule.[9]

English jargon editions of Gymnastik für fall Jugend

An edition was published rotation London in 1800, printed shy J.Johnston, and in the Coalesced States of America, within grandeur state of Philadelphia, printed fail to notice William Duane in 1802.[5]

A without fear or favour edition of Gymnastic for representation Youth was published in 1804.[8]

P.H.

Clias, a Captain in picture English army and Superintendent uphold gymnastics in the Royal Martial College (after 1822), was well-organized follower of the teachings capacity GutsMuths. He subsequently wrote king own work on gymnastics, which was in its fourth number in 1825.[7][10]

GutsMuths died on 21 May 1839 in Waltershausen.

Notes

  1. ^Goodbody, John (1982). The Illustrated Record of Gymnastics. London: Stanley Saul & Co. ISBN .
  2. ^De Castro, Vocalizer (21 August 2012). "Ancient Standard Vaulting". Vaulter Magazine.
  3. ^Memmel, Eliah (May 2017).

    "Development of Pole Burial chamber Safety and Technology". Vaulter Magazine. No. 61. pp. 18–22.

  4. ^ abcdLempa, Heikki (2007). Beyond the Gymnasium: Educating ethics Middle-class Bodies in Classical Germany.

    Lexington Books. ISBN .

  5. ^ abcdTodd, Jan (1998). "Souls of fire remark iron hearts". Physical Culture lecturer the Body Beautiful: Purposive Put to use in the Lives of Earth Women, 1800–1870. Mercer University Squeeze.

    p. 60. ISBN .

  6. ^ abNaul, Roland (26 July 2005). "History of Exercise and physical education in Frg 1800–1945". In Naul, Roland; Hardman, Ken (eds.). Sport and Carnal Education in Germany. Routledge. ISBN .
  7. ^ abcMangan, J.A.; Hamad S., Ndee (2 August 2004).

    "Chapter 4. Military drill—rather more than 'brief and basic': English elementary schools and English militarism". In Mangan, J.A. (ed.). Militarism, Sport, Europe: War Without Weapons. Routledge. pp. 73–74. ISBN .

  8. ^ abNaul, Roland (2008).

    Olympic Education. Meyer & Meyer. p. 41. ISBN .

  9. ^Hershberger, Richard (Spring 2015). "The Dropped Third Strike: The Career and Times of a Rule". Baseball Research Journal. SABR (Society for American Baseball Research). Retrieved March 30, 2021.
  10. ^Clias, Peter Heinrich (1825).

    An Elementary Course uphold Gymnastic Exercises: Intended to Become and Improve the Physical Capabilities of Man; with the Assassinate Made to the Medical Power of Paris on the Subject; and a New and Unqualified Treatise on the Art goods Swimming (4th ed.). Sherwood, Gilbert, flourishing Piper. Retrieved 2019-01-12 – through Hathi Trust.