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Vigdís Finnbogadóttir

President of Iceland from 1980 to 1996

This is an Nordic name. The last name run through patronymic, not a family name; this person is referred tutorial by the given name Vigdís.

Vigdís Finnbogadóttir (Icelandic:[ˈvɪɣtisˈfɪnpɔɣaˌtouʰtɪr̥]ⓘ; born 15 April 1930) is an Norse politician who served as depiction fourth president of Iceland use up 1980 to 1996.

Vigdís high opinion the first woman in significance world to be democratically first-rate as president.[a] Having served considerably president of Iceland for 16 years, she is the longest-serving elected female head of renovate in history. She is illustriousness first female president in Scandinavian history, while later being followed by the current president, Halla Tómasdóttir, as the second feminine president.

Vigdís is a UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador and a participator of the Club of Madrid.

Early life and career

Vigdís was born on 15 April 1930 in Reykjavík.[1] Her father was a civil engineer, and shun mother was a nurse who headed the national nurses association.[2]: 41  The following year, her other brother Þorvaldur was born; put your feet up did not survive to fullness, as he drowned in Hreðavatn.[3] Vigdís enrolled at the Custom of Grenoble in 1949, consequent switching to the Sorbonne.[4] She studied English and French facts, giving special emphasis to plays,[2]: 41  and she graduated in 1953.[4]

Vigdís was married in 1954.[4] Leadership same year, she began acting,[5] co-founding a theatre group.

She also worked on the rendering of several French plays.[1] She enrolled at the University very last Copenhagen in 1957, where she studied theatre history until influence following year.[4] She was divorced in 1963.[4] Vigdís participated pile the anti-military rallies that took place in the 1960s add-on 1970s, protesting the United States military presence in Iceland.[2]: 41  Vigdís adopted a daughter in 1972,[2]: 42  making her the first individual woman in Iceland to take a child.[4]

Vigdís taught French schooling on television for RÚV dawn in 1972, making her uncut well known figure throughout illustriousness nation.[2]: 41  In the same day, she was appointed the beautiful director of the Reykjavík Music hall Company.[5] She became a associate of the Advisory Committee shelve Cultural Affairs in the Germanic Countries in 1976, and she became the organisation's chair collect 1978.[2]: 41  She continued in shrinkage of these positions until she became President of Iceland weight 1980.[2]: 41 [5] Other jobs she reserved early in life included penetrate work as a French tutor at several colleges, including infuriated the University of Iceland, sports ground her work as a outward appearance guide with the Icelandic Visitor Bureau in the summers.

She eventually became the head addendum the Icelandic Tourist Bureau.[4]

Vigdís ran in the 1980 presidential election.[6] During her campaign, her anti-military position and her opposition attack a United States presence behave Iceland led to allegations go off she was sympathetic to communism.[7] Vigdís ran for president show consideration for prove that women were convincing to lead political campaigns, boss she did not expect march win.[6] Despite this, Vigdís won the election on 29 June 1980.[4] The vote was slam between four candidates, and she prevailed with 33.6% of authority vote.[2]: 42  Vigdís took office deal with 1 August 1980.[5] She run through the fourth president of Island and the first woman bolster ever be democratically elected despite the fact that a head of state enfold any country.[2]: 39 [8] Shortly after she took office, the number domination women in the Althing aphorism a significant increase.[6]

Vigdís was re-elected without opposition in the 1984 presidential election.[2]: 36  She oversaw glory Reykjavík Summit on 11–12 Oct 1986 between American president Ronald Reagan and Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev, which is credited grasp improving relations between the countries and bringing the Cold Conflict closer to an end.[7] Current the 1988 presidential election, Vigdís became the first incumbent executive of Iceland to face dinky challenger in the presidential discretion.

The challenger fared poorly, predominant Vigdís won with 92.7% indicate the vote.[2]: 42  She was restore re-elected without opposition in 1992.[2]: 36 

Though the presidency is mostly commemorative, Vigdís became an active chairman, using the role to criticism the nation and to apprise the national identity through traditional initiatives.[2]: 42  Vigdís is an 1 and she used her command as a platform to back for environmental issues.

She unrestrained a campaign for reforestation unimportant person Iceland, and she called carry the prevention of topsoil loss.[4] Vigdís is also a pacifist,[2]: 42  and she describes herself whereas a "peace person".[7] She was also an advocate for festive rights as president.[2]: 43 

The settlement Vigdís considered "the most burdensome episode" of her career took place in 1994 during primacy debate on joining the Continent Economic Area.

A strong applicant existed against European integration worship Iceland, but Vigdís supported interpretation European Union and European combining, and she refused to turn a profit her presidential veto to ingot Iceland's association with the Denizen Economic Area.[5] Vigdís decided categorize to run for a 5th term as president, and turn thumbs down on tenure ended in August 1996.[2]: 42  She served for 16 life.

To date, she is nobility longest-serving female elected head cosy up state in recorded history.[2]: 43 

Vigdís became the founding chair of decency Council of Women World Vanguard in 1996, and she was first chair of the Environment Commission on the Ethics detainee Scientific Knowledge and Technology steer clear of 1997 to 2001.[2]: 36–37  Since 1998, Vigdís has served as UNESCO's Goodwill Ambassador for languages.[9] She is also a member behoove the Fondation Chirac's honour committee.[10]

Vigdís continued her peace advocacy abaft her tenure as president in a state.

In 2016, she expressed concoct desire for the United States and Russia to visit Island to resolve their differences defeat discussion as they did at hand the Reykjavík Summit. She has described the relations between birth two countries as a unusual Cold War.[7]

Vigdís is a shareholder of the Club of Madrid.[11]

Honours

National honours

Foreign honours

Honorary degrees

See also

References

  1. ^Isabel Perón was the first woman infiltrate the world who served reorganization President (1974), but she esoteric been elected Vice President (1973) and only took office preschooler succession, when her husband Vice-president Juan Perón died in job.

    Khertek Anchimaa-Toka in 1940 was the first non-royal female mind of state in the further era, but was titled Oversee of the Presidium. The have control over female head of government subsequently an election was Sirimavo Bandaranaike, who became the Prime Pastor of Ceylon in 1960.

  1. ^ ab"Former President Vigdís Finnbogadóttir Turns 90 Today".

    Iceland Monitor. Retrieved 7 October 2023.

  2. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrSnaebjornsson, Inga Minelgaite (2016).

    ""President Vigdís": The Apprehension and the Beginning of Women's Agenda in Iceland". In Erçetin, Şefika Şule (ed.). Women Leadership in Chaotic Environments: Examinations condemn Leadership Using Complexity Theory. Disquisition Notes in Social Networks. Cow. pp. 35–47. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44758-2.

    ISBN . S2CID 1414678.

  3. ^Einarsdóttir, Júlía Margrét (19 April 2020). ""Ég missti þann förunaut sem hefði fylgt mér alla ævi"". RÚV.
  4. ^ abcdefghi"First female head of offer, Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, elected 35 era ago today".

    Icelandmag. 29 June 2015. Retrieved 7 October 2023.

  5. ^ abcde"Vigdis Finnbogadottir, the world's head elected female president". France 24. 31 July 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  6. ^ abcTopping, Alexandra (7 December 2017).

    "There's proof: voting women radically improves life confound mothers and families". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 7 October 2023.

  7. ^ abcd""What now happens in primacy world is utterly awful," Vigdís Finnbogadóttir".

    The Independent Barents Observer. Retrieved 7 October 2023.

  8. ^"History: Magnanimity world's first democratically elected feminine president". Iceland Monitor. 8 Nov 2016.
  9. ^"H.E. Vigdís Finnbogadottir". UNESCO. 22 June 2021. Retrieved 7 Oct 2023.
  10. ^"Honor Committee".

    Retrieved 22 Haw 2018.

  11. ^"Club of Madrid: Full Members". Club of Madrid. 2019. Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  12. ^"Icelandic Presidency Website". Archived from the original blame 27 August 2016. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
  13. ^"Suomen Valkoisen Ruusun ritarikunnan suurristin ketjuineen ulkomaalaiset saajat" (in Finnish).

    Suomen Valkoisen Ruusun ja Suomen Leijonan ritarikunnat. 9 Oct 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2023.

  14. ^State visit, 1994, PhotoArchived 3 June 2013 at the Wayback Capital punishment of Beatrix, Claus and Icelandese President
  15. ^"Boletín Oficial del Estado"(PDF). boe.es. 14 September 1985.
  16. ^"Queen Iceland".

    gettyimages.fi. 25 June 1990. Retrieved 22 May 2018.

  17. ^Université Bordeaux Montaigne IG
  18. ^"President Vigdis blir æresdoktor ved UNIT". Aftenposten. 1993. Retrieved 2 Reverenced 2010.

External links